Dexamethasone

Provider Level

RN/Paramedic

Class

Corticosteroid, Glucocorticoid

Mechanism of Action

Long-acting synthetic steroid that suppresses acute and chronic inflammation, decreases airway edema, and modifies the immune response by suppressing leukocyte migration.

Indications

Anaphylaxis, severe asthma, COPD exacerbation, croup.

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity, systemic fungal infections.

Routes

PO, IM, IV, IO

Onset / Duration

Onset: 1 to 2 hours. Duration: 24 to 72 hours.

Adverse Effects

Hypertension, fluid retention, hyperglycemia, gastrointestinal upset, headache, restlessness.

Precautions & Interactions

Use caution in patients with hypertension, heart failure, peptic ulcer disease, or diabetes mellitus. May cause hyperglycemia.

Special Considerations

May cause transient perineal itching or burning if pushed too rapidly intravenously. Authorized for RN/Paramedic level.